Every road alignment, every building foundation, every canal and every property boundary begins with the same question — where exactly is everything? Surveying is the discipline that answers it. This post covers what surveying means, how the results are presented, and the distinction between a plan and a map that examiners return to again and again. What…
The technique of determining the relative altitude of a point on the earth’s surface below the earth’s surface is called LEVELLING
CONTOUR INTERVAL A contour interval is a vertical distance or difference in elevation between contour lines in a topographic map, index contour lines ar…
IMPORTANCE AND REQUIREMENT OF SURVEY | CHECKLIST OF SITE ENGINEER SURVEYING: Surveying is the art of making such measurements as will determine the rela…
Target staff SELF-READING STAFF A staff on which readings are directly read by the observer through the telescope is known as self-reading staff
Introduction The locations of the points and the orientation of the lines are usually determined by the observation of angles and directions
During the survey of the alignment of a project involving roads or railways, the direction of the line may change due to some unavoidable circumstances
THEODOLITE – An instrument used for measuring horizontal and vertical angles accurately is known as theodolite
SOURCES OF ERROR IN THEODOLITE WORK The sources of error in the theodolite work may be broadly divided into three categories: a
