The permanent adjustments of a theodolite are procedures used to calibrate the instrument and ensure its accuracy over an extended period of time. The following are the main permanent adjustments of a theodolite: Vertical Axis Collimation: This adjustment ensures that the line of sight of the instrument is aligned with the center of the vertical…

The temporary adjustments of a theodolite are procedures used to ensure the accuracy and precision of measurements taken with the instrument. The following are the main temporary adjustments of a theodolite: Leveling: This adjustment ensures that the theodolite is level in both the horizontal and vertical planes. Leveling is performed by adjusting the legs of…

 A transit theodolite is a type of surveying instrument that is used to measure horizontal and vertical angles, as well as distances between points. The following are the various parts of a transit theodolite: Telescope: The telescope is the main component of the transit theodolite and is used to view the target and measure angles….

A non-transit theodolite, also known as a conventional theodolite, is a type of surveying instrument that is used to measure horizontal and vertical angles. Unlike a transit theodolite, a non-transit theodolite does not have a transit mechanism and is therefore not able to rotate about a vertical axis or lock into place when the instrument…

 A transit theodolite is a type of surveying instrument that is used to measure horizontal and vertical angles, as well as distances between points. The transit theodolite is similar to a traditional theodolite, but with the addition of a transit mechanism that allows the instrument to rotate about a vertical axis and lock into place…

Theodolite survey is a type of surveying that involves the use of a theodolite instrument to measure angles and distances on a construction site or survey area. The theodolite instrument typically consists of a telescope that can be rotated and tilted, a sighting mechanism, and a graduated circular scale. The theodolite is used to measure…

There are two main methods of Plane Table Surveying: Traversing Method: In the traversing method, the surveyor takes readings and makes sketches at a series of points along a route or path. The surveyor moves from point to point, taking readings and making sketches as they go. This method is useful for surveying large areas,…

Orientation in Plane Table Surveying refers to the process of aligning the plane table and alidade with the north-south direction. This is important because it ensures that the readings taken and the sketches made on the plane table are correctly aligned with the earth’s magnetic field, which helps to prevent errors in the survey results….

The working operation of Plane Table Surveying involves the following steps: Setting up the plane table: The first step is to set up the plane table on a tripod, making sure it is level with the help of a spirit level. The alidade is then attached to the plane table. Taking readings: The surveyor uses…

Plane Table: The plane table is a flat drawing board that is mounted on a tripod. It is typically made of wood or metal, and is designed to be sturdy and stable. The surface of the plane table is usually covered with a sheet of white paper, which can be easily replaced as needed. Alidade:…