Are you looking for a clear and practical explanation of what is importance and requirement of survey in the construction | checklist of site engineer? You have come to the right place. In this article, we break down this important civil engineering concept in a way that is easy to understand and apply on the job site.
IMPORTANCE AND REQUIREMENT OF SURVEY | CHECKLIST OF SITE ENGINEER
SURVEYING: Surveying is the art of making such measurements as will determine the relative positions of points on the surface of the earth or on structure in order that the shape and extent of any portions of the earth/structure may be ascertained and shown on the map or plan.
LEVELING: Levelling is the art of determining and representing the relative heights or elevations of different points on the surface of the earth/structure.
WORK IS DIVIDED IN TWO PARTS.
A. To start a new project: Establishing of Main grid lines and Benchmark with reference to known datum/reference to start in new work.
B. For a pour in existing structure: Use of existing reference/benchmark in the existing structure to define the location, alignment and elevation of a pour.
USE OF SURVEY IN VARIOUS DAY-TO-DAY ACTIVITIES OF CONSTRUCTION.
· Transfer of reference line at each Building/floor to carry out checking of various activities.
· Transferring of BenchMark at each Building/floor.
· Above two activities should be performed with great care and without any error, as the effectiveness of total checking depends on these reference points.
· Establishing layout of the building.
· Establishing benchmark to check elevations of different floor etc.
· Use for checking of formworks:
a) Alignment checking
b) Checking of verticality.
· Tolerance for formwork
a) Section dimension – ± 5 mm
b) Plumb/ verticality – 5mm in 5 mtr. But should not cumulative.
· Use in checking of critical EPs.
a) Checking of location
b) Checking of elevation tolerance
c) Before concreting ± 2 mm.
d) After concreting ± 6mm.
e) Tolerance on angle ± 0.500.
Survey is very important at
· Pre – construction stage
· During construction stage
· Post-construction stage
Site Engineers must be aware regarding requirement and importance of survey at pre-construction, during construction and post-construction stages. Few of the requirements are detailed below:
1. Defining the plant area in 20m X 20m plant grid pattern with existing permanent reference.
2. Location of various plant structures within defined grid established as above.
3. Making specific benchmark to take up the work within building/structure.
4. Marking and identification of a part of the structure in various pours at various elevation w.r.t defined Benchmark / reference.
5. These marking are possible by:
· Theodolite.
· Measuring tapes.
· Dumpy level.
· Total station.
6. At the start of construction- usually the reference point is marked on reference pillars 2-3 meters away from the edge of structure.
7. After construction, it is transferred to permanent structure and subsequently all reference to be taken from common reference to avoid any cumulative error.
2. Maintaining alignment of wall and position of embedded part, pipe support/ piping sleeves etc.
3. Maintaining the location of EP’s / specifically critical EP’s.
4. Maintaining the concrete top elevation of plate EP’s / Critical EP’s.
5. Maintaining the concrete top elevation during finishing of green cutting.
6. Maintaining the slopes of floors.
7. Maintaining the levels of sumps.
8. During concreting survey is made to ensure the location of PVC water stop.
1. Post the concrete survey is done for all critical pours to ensure the final position of EP’s / Levels of concrete.
2. It is required to done to assess the tolerance in alignment/level/pockets/bolts etc. in the concrete structure.
3. Post concrete survey is done to examine the spot of honeycombed portion / visual observation of bulging and type of surface finish in concrete.
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Conclusion
That wraps up our comprehensive guide on what is importance and requirement of survey in the construction | checklist of site engineer. Mastering these concepts will help you perform better on site and make more informed engineering decisions. Keep visiting CivilNotess for the latest articles, calculators, and construction tips that every civil engineer needs.
❓ Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
Why is surveying important in construction?
Surveying is critical in construction because it helps establish accurate measurements, positions, and levels on the ground. Without proper surveying, structures could be misaligned, leading to costly errors and structural issues.
What are the most common surveying instruments?
The most commonly used surveying instruments include the auto level, theodolite, total station, GPS equipment, chain, tape measure, and ranging rods. The choice of instrument depends on the type and precision of the survey required.