Physical Properties of Aggregates 1. Introduction to Aggregates Definition: Aggregates are raw materials used in construction, including sand, gravel, crushed stone, slag, recycled concrete, and geosynthetic aggregates. 2. Types of Aggregates Natural Aggregates: Derived from natural sources such as riverbeds, quarries, and pits. Artificial Aggregates: Manufactured using industrial by-products like slag or synthetically produced.
Mechanical Properties of Aggregates Importance of Aggregates in Construction: Serve as a crucial component in concrete and asphalt. Influence the strength, durability, and overall quality of construction materials. Key Mechanical Properties:
Classification Based on Unit Weight Key Concepts and Points Unit Weight Definition: Refers to the weight of a material per unit volume. Categories of Unit Weight: Lightweight Materials: Typically less dense and used where weight reduction is necessary. Examples: Pumice, perlite, expanded shale. Normal Weight Materials:
Classification According to Surface Texture Key Points: Surface Texture Classification: Definition: Classification based on the surface characteristics of materials. Importance: Surface texture affects the material’s functional properties and interactions with other materials. Types of Surface Textures:
Classification According to Shape Classification According to Shape Overview: A method used to categorize items, organisms, or elements based solely on their external form or shape. Key Points: Primary Criteria: Shape serves as the main criterion for categorization. Applications: Useful in various fields such as biology (e.g., cell shapes), geology (e.g., rock and mineral forms),…
Classification According to Grain Size Introduction to Grain Size Classification Grain size classification is a method used to categorize sediments and sedimentary rocks based on the size of the grains that compose them. Categories of Grain Size Gravel: Grain size larger than 2 mm. Subcategories: Cobbles (64-256 mm), Boulders (above 256 mm). Sand: Grain size between 0.0625…
Classification According to Geological Origin Key Points: Geological Origin Classification: Refers to the categorization of materials based on their origin within the Earth’s layers. Types of Geological Classifications: Igneous Rocks: Formed from solidified molten rock (magma or lava). Example: Granite, Basalt. Sedimentary Rocks: Created from deposition and solidification of mineral and organic particles. Example: Limestone,…
Classification of Aggregates Key Concepts Definition of Aggregates Aggregates comprise sand, gravel, crushed stone, and recycled concrete. They are used in construction to provide bulk, strength, and wear resistance. Types of Aggregates Natural Aggregates: Derived from natural sources like riverbeds, quarries, and pits. Examples: Sand, gravel.
Good Qualities of an Ideal Aggregate 1. Strength Aggregates should possess a sufficient level of strength to resist crushing and abrasion. 2. Toughness An ideal aggregate must be tough to withstand the stresses caused by moving loads. 3. Hardness Hardness is crucial to prevent excessive wear and depreciation under traffic. 4. Durability
Specific Gravity Test of Cement Instruments Required: Le Chatelier Flask Weighing Balance (accurate to 0.01g) Kerosene (or any non-reactive liquid) Standard: IS 4031 (Part 11): 1988
