There are several types of scales used in cartography, surveying, and technical drawings: Verbal Scale: A verbal scale uses words to describe the relationship between distances on the map and in the real world. Bar Scale: A bar scale is a graphical representation of the scale, usually in the form of a ruler or bar,…

A graphical scale is a visual representation of the scale of a map or plan. It is used to show the relationship between distances on the map and the corresponding distances in the real world. The graphical scale can take various forms, including a bar scale, a line scale, or a verbal scale, and is…

Representative Factor (RF) is a value used in cartography and surveying to describe the relationship between the actual size of an object and its representation on a map or plan. It is defined as the ratio of the scale of a map to the actual size of the object being depicted. For example, if a…

Engineering scale is a system of measuring and representing sizes, distances, or quantities in technical drawings, maps, and blueprints. It is used to accurately depict real-world objects and their proportions on a smaller or larger scale. Common engineering scales include 1:10, 1:20, 1:50, 1:100, and so on. The first number represents the unit of measurement…

Scale is an important aspect of surveying and refers to the relationship between the size of an object or feature represented on a plan or map and its actual size in the real world. There are two main types of scales in surveying: Representative Fraction (RF) Scale: RF scale expresses the scale of a plan…

Plans and maps are important outputs of surveying and are used to represent the size, shape, and location of objects and features on the earth’s surface. Some of the key elements of plans and maps include: Scale: Plans and maps are created to a certain scale, which determines the relationship between the size of the…

The principles of surveying are fundamental concepts and practices that are used to determine the size, shape, and location of objects and features on the earth’s surface. Some of the key principles of surveying include: Measurement accuracy: Surveying requires accurate measurements of distances, angles, and elevations, in order to produce accurate maps, models, and representations…

EDM surveying, or Electronic Distance Measurement surveying, is a type of surveying method that uses electronic instruments to measure the distances between points. The instruments, called total stations or EDM devices, emit a laser or infrared beam that bounces off a target and returns to the instrument, where the time it took for the beam…

Photogrammetry is a type of surveying method that uses photographs to gather data and create maps, models, and other representations of the earth’s surface and its features. It involves the use of aerial photographs, satellite images, or ground-based photographs to extract information about the shape, size, and location of objects and features in the surveyed…

Tacheometric survey, also known as stadia surveying, is a type of surveying method that uses a theodolite or a total station instrument to measure angles and distances between points. The distances and angles are used to calculate the coordinates of the points, allowing the surveyor to create a map or a model of the surveyed…