Causes of Deterioration of Concrete: Physical, Chemical & Mechanical Causes (IS 456)
Complete notes on Causes of Deterioration of Concrete: physical (freeze-thaw, abrasion, thermal, shrinkage, cavitation), chemical (carbonation x=k√t, chloride, sulphate, AAR, acid), mechanical, biological, construction defects, IS 456 Table 3 exposure classes, and exam FAQs.