Plane Surveying is a division of surveying that deals with the measurement of two-dimensional features on the surface of the Earth. It involves the determination of horizontal and vertical distances, angles, and elevations of points, lines, and areas on a specific plane or plane surface. Plane Surveying is typically used for smaller-scale mapping and land…
The primary divisions of surveying are: Geodetic Surveying: deals with large-scale, precise measurements of the Earth’s surface, including its shape, size, and gravity field. Plane Surveying: deals with smaller-scale, two-dimensional measurements of land, including the location of boundaries, topography, and features. Engineering Surveying: provides critical information for the planning, design, and construction of infrastructure projects,…
To determine the exact location and shape of natural and man-made features on the Earth’s surface. To establish property lines, boundaries, and rights-of-way. To determine the topography, contours, and elevations of a site. To assess the soil, rock, and water conditions of a site. To provide accurate data for the planning, design, and construction of…
Topographic Surveys: provide information on the physical features of a land, such as its contours, elevations, and slopes. Hydrographic Surveys: study the depth, currents, and tides of bodies of water, including rivers, lakes, and oceans. Geodetic Surveys: determine the exact location and orientation of points on the Earth’s surface using precise measurement techniques. Geotechnical Surveys:…
Engineering Surveys: The Key to Successful Infrastructure Development Engineering surveys are an integral part of any infrastructure development project, providing crucial information about the land, soil, water, and other natural resources required for construction. They help engineers make informed decisions about the design, construction, and maintenance of buildings, bridges, roads, and other infrastructure projects. The…
FSI is the abbreviation of Floor Space Index. This term is the most used in India. It is equivalent to the floor area ratio (FAR) and the floor space ratio (FSR) that are used in other countries. The floor space index (FSI) basically indicates the maximum permitted floor area that can be built on a…
The inspection, the first step to start a new civil engineering project, is a very important branch of civil engineering. To understand the techniques of surveying a student, you should carefully study the basic concepts of it. To begin to learn the topography one must begin with the definition of topography and its importance. The…
