Plans and maps are important outputs of surveying and are used to represent the size, shape, and location of objects and features on the earth's surface. Some of the key elements of plans and maps include:
Scale: Plans and maps are created to a certain scale, which determines the relationship between the size of the objects or features represented on the map and their actual size in the real world.
Symbols and legends: Plans and maps use symbols and legends to represent various types of objects and features, such as buildings, roads, rivers, and elevations.
North arrow: Maps include a north arrow, which indicates the orientation of the map and the direction of north.
Grid system: Plans and maps often use a grid system to help locate objects and features on the map. The grid system can include coordinates, such as latitude and longitude, or a more localized coordinate system, such as a UTM grid.
Contours: Contours are used to represent elevations on maps, and are created by connecting points of equal elevation to form contour lines.
Elevation profiles: Elevation profiles are used to represent the vertical relationships between objects and features, and show the elevations of objects and features along a particular line.
Cross sections: Cross sections are used to represent the vertical relationships between objects and features, and show the elevations of objects and features along a particular line perpendicular to the direction of the line.
Plans and maps are important tools for surveying, as they provide a visual representation of the surveyed area and its features, and are used for a variety of purposes, including land-use planning, engineering, and construction. They are also used to support legal and administrative decisions, such as property boundary disputes and land use permits.
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